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Economics: Private and Public Choice

By James D. Gwartney, Richard L. Stroup, Russell S. Sobel, David A. Macpherson

18th Edition © 2026
Discipline:Economics
Course:Principles of Economics
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Gwartney/Stroup/Sobel/Macpherson’s “Economics: Private and Public Choice” 18th Edition, emphasizes the role of entrepreneurship, institutions and public choice analysis. Entrepreneurship is presented as key to the competitive market, using innovations and creative destruction to improve living standards. Institutions with long-run growth are examined. Public choice analysis clarifies voter, politician and bureaucrat incentives, impacting political outcomes and showing how wealth is created. Microeconomics models integrate entrepreneurship, competition and contestable markets. AI, the rise of platform business models and markets with network externalities, Federal Reserve policy changes, government debt and other factors are highlighted, including issues such as the Great Depression, the environment, resource economics, health care and the stock market. Online resources reinforce content.

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Gwartney/Stroup/Sobel/Macpherson’s “Economics: Private and Public Choice” 18th Edition, emphasizes the role of entrepreneurship, institutions and public choice analysis. Entrepreneurship is presented as key to the competitive market, using innovations and creative destruction to improve living standards. Institutions with long-run growth are examined. Public choice analysis clarifies voter, politician and bureaucrat incentives, impacting political outcomes and showing how wealth is created. Microeconomics models integrate entrepreneurship, competition and contestable markets. AI, the rise of platform business models and markets with network externalities, Federal Reserve policy changes, government debt and other factors are highlighted, including issues such as the Great Depression, the environment, resource economics, health care and the stock market. Online resources reinforce content.

PRACTICAL APPROACH APPLIES ECONOMIC THEORY TO CURRENT ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES. Students see the relevance of the theories they are learning as they apply what they learn directly to current topics in the world around them. The importance of incentives and the economic way of thinking are stressed throughout the analysis. A set of special topic chapters applies these concepts to a variety of topics, including the environment and resource economics, health care, the stock market, the Great Depression and the Great Recession and the earnings differences between men and women.

ENGAGING CONTENT HIGHLIGHTS ECONOMIC THINKING ABOUT GOVERNMENT. Students examine today’s government involvement and decisions from a unique economic perspective as they review the latest information as well as historical data using the tools of public choice covered in a dedicated chapter and integrated throughout the text.

EMPOWERING STUDENTS WITH ENTREPRENEURIAL INSIGHTS. Students explore the contributions of a diverse variety of entrepreneurs who have shaped markets and created new opportunities for wealth and job creation. Students gain practical knowledge about innovation, risk-taking and wealth creation through these real-world examples in today’s dynamic global business marketplace.

COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE EXAMINES ITS IMPACT TODAY. Students carefully review international trade's influence on growth and nations' prosperity throughout today's world. They examine empirical evidence on the importance of international trade as a source of economic growth and higher living standards and review the ramifications of enacting tariffs or other barriers on international trade.

Table of contents

Chapters

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Relationship Between Main Edition and the Macro/Micro Editions
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Part 1. The Economic Way of Thinking
Part 2. Markets and Government
Part 3. Core Macroeconomics
Part 4. International Economics
Part 5. Core Microeconomics
Part 6. Applying the Basics: Special Topics in Economics
Appendix A. General Business and Economics Indicators for the United States
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Part 1. The Economic Way of Thinking

Chapter 1. The Economic Approach
Preview this section ↗
1-1. What Is Economics About? ↗
1-1a. Scarcity and Poverty Are Not the Same ↗
1-1b. Scarcity Necessitates Rationing ↗
1-1c. The Method of Rationing Influences the Nature of Competition ↗
1-2. The Economic Way of Thinking ↗
1-2a. Eight Guideposts to Economic Thinking ↗
1-3. Positive and Normative Economics ↗
1-4. Pitfalls to Avoid in Economic Thinking ↗
1-4a. Violation of the Ceteris Paribus Condition Can Lead One to Draw the Wrong Conclusion ↗
1-4b. Good Intentions Do Not Guarantee Desirable Outcomes ↗
1-4c. Association Is Not Causation ↗
1-4d. The Fallacy of Composition: What’s True for One Might Not Be True for All ↗
Key Points ↗
Critical Analysis Questions ↗
Chapter 2. Some Tools of the Economist
2-1. What Shall We Give Up?
2-1a. Opportunity Cost
2-1b. Opportunity Cost and the Real World
2-2. Trade Creates Value
2-2a. Transaction Costs—A Barrier to Trade
2-2b. The Middleman as a Cost Reducer
2-3. The Importance of Property Rights
2-3a. Private Ownership and Markets
2-4. Production Possibilities Curve
2-4a. Shifting the Production Possibilities Curve Outward
2-4b. Production Possibilities and Economic Growth
2-5. Trade, Output, and Living Standards
2-5a. Gains from Specialization and Division of Labor
2-5b. Gains from Mass Production Methods
2-5c. Gains from Innovation
2-6. Human Ingenuity, Entrepreneurship, and the Creation of Wealth
2-7. Economic Organization
2-7a. Market Organization
2-7b. Political Organization
Key Points
Critical Analysis Questions
Addendum. Comparative Advantage, Specialization, and Gains from Trade

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