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Crisis Intervention Strategies

By Richard K. James, Burl E. Gilliland

8th Edition © 2017
Discipline:Counseling
Course:Crisis Intervention
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Based on the authors' extensive experience in crisis intervention and teaching crisis intervention courses, this authoritative text presents the latest skills and techniques for handling crisis situations. CRISIS INTERVENTION STRATEGIES, 8th Edition features the authors' task model, which illustrates and elucidates the process of dealing with people in crisis. Using this model, the authors build specific strategies for handling a myriad of different crisis situations, accompanied in many cases with dialogue that a practitioner might use when working with the individual in crisis. Two new chapters systematically illuminate the topics of families in crisis and legal and ethical issues in crisis intervention. New videos in MindTap (available with the text) correlate with the text and demonstrate crisis intervention techniques for students who must not only understand the theoretical underpinnings of crisis intervention theories, but also apply them in crisis situations.

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About this product

Based on the authors' extensive experience in crisis intervention and teaching crisis intervention courses, this authoritative text presents the latest skills and techniques for handling crisis situations. CRISIS INTERVENTION STRATEGIES, 8th Edition features the authors' task model, which illustrates and elucidates the process of dealing with people in crisis. Using this model, the authors build specific strategies for handling a myriad of different crisis situations, accompanied in many cases with dialogue that a practitioner might use when working with the individual in crisis. Two new chapters systematically illuminate the topics of families in crisis and legal and ethical issues in crisis intervention. New videos in MindTap (available with the text) correlate with the text and demonstrate crisis intervention techniques for students who must not only understand the theoretical underpinnings of crisis intervention theories, but also apply them in crisis situations.

A task model gives students and practitioners a systematic way of dealing with people in crisis: Defining the Problem, Ensuring Client Safety, Providing Support, Examining Alternatives, Making Plans, and Obtaining Commitment.

The scenarios in each chapter are designed to put the student in a seat beside the crisis workers as they handle clients. They also discuss why and what the workers are doing. Cases with transcripts of dialogue help illustrate the techniques described and let students "see" the conversations crisis workers might have in dealing with a client in crisis.

A unique triage assessment technique provides students with tools for assessing the severity of the client crisis.

"Focus on the Crisis Worker" sections present techniques that can keep crisis workers from psychological, physical, ethical, and legal harm.

Table of contents

Chapters

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part 1. Basic Training: Crisis Intervention Theory and Application
Part 2. Handling Specific Crises: Going into the Trenches
Part 3. On the Home Front: Crisis in the Human Services Workplace
Part 4. No Man’s Land: Facing Disaster

Part 1. Basic Training: Crisis Intervention Theory and Application

Chapter 1. Approaching Crisis Intervention
Preview this section ↗
A Brief History of Crisis Intervention ↗
Grassroots Movements ↗
The Importance of Volunteerism ↗
The Need for Institutionalism ↗
The Media and the Societal Impetus for Crisis Intervention ↗
The Case against Too Much “Helping” ↗
Definitions of Crisis ↗
Individual Crisis Definitions ↗
Behavioral Emergencies ↗
Systemic Crisis Definitions ↗
Metastasizing Crisis ↗
Characteristics of Crisis ↗
Transcrisis States ↗
Transcrisis Differentiated from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ↗
Transcrisis Points ↗
Theories of Crisis and Crisis Intervention ↗
Basic Crisis Intervention Theory ↗
Expanded Crisis Theory ↗
Applied Crisis Theory ↗
Crisis Intervention Models ↗
The Equilibrium Model ↗
The Cognitive Model ↗
The Psychosocial Transition Model ↗
The Developmental-Ecological Model ↗
The Contextual-Ecological Model ↗
Psychological First Aid ↗
The ACT Model ↗
Playbook/Game Plan Model ↗
Eclectic/Integrated Crisis Intervention Theory ↗
Characteristics of Effective Crisis Workers ↗
Life Experiences ↗
Personal Characteristics ↗
Rewards ↗
Summary ↗
Chapter 2. Culturally Effective Helping in Crisis
Multicultural Perspectives in Crisis Intervention
Core Multicultural Attributes
Culturally Biased Assumptions
Universal versus Focused Views
Working on the Individualist/Collectivist–High/Low-Context Continuum
Emic versus Etic Models of Multiculturalism
Awareness of both Ecology and Multicultural Competencies
Shortcomings of a Multiculturalist Approach to Crisis Intervention
Culturally Effective Helping during a Crisis
Positive Aspects of an Effective Multicultural Counselor
When in Rome, Italy … or Georgia
Language Barriers
Religion and Spirituality
Support Systems
Occupation as a Cultural Barrier
Geographic Locale as a Cultural Barrier
The Dilemma of Local Consultation
The Necessity of Acting
Training
Where It Stands now … Sorta
Summary
Chapter 3. The Intervention and Assessment Models
Introduction
A Hybrid Model of Crisis Intervention
Task 1. Predispositioning/Engaging/Initiating Contact
Task 2. Problem Exploration: Defining the Crisis
Task 3. Providing Support
Default Task: Safety
Task 4. Examining Alternatives
Task 5. Planning in Order to Reestablish Control
Task 6. Obtaining Commitment
Task 7. Follow-Up
Assessment in Crisis Intervention
Assessing the Severity of Crisis
The ABCs of Assessing in Crisis Intervention
The Triage Assessment System
The Triage Assessment Form
Alternate Forms of the TAF
Psychobiological Assessment
Assessing the Client’s Current Emotional Functioning
Assessing Alternatives, Coping Mechanisms, and Support Systems
Assessing for Suicide/Homicide Potential
Summary
Chapter 4. The Tools of the Trade
Introduction
Listening in Crisis Intervention
Open-Ended Questions
Closed-Ended Questions
Restatement and Summary Clarification
Owning Feelings
Facilitative Listening
Basic Strategies of Crisis Intervention
Climate of Client Growth
Communicating Empathy
Communicating Genuineness
Communicating Acceptance
In the Field
Acting in Crisis Intervention
Directive Intervention
Collaborative Counseling
Nondirective Counseling
Action Strategies for Crisis Workers
Summary
Chapter 5. Crisis Case Handling
Handling Crisis Cases versus Long-Term Cases
Case Handling at Walk-In Crisis Facilities
Types of Presenting Crises
Case Handling at a Community Mental Health Clinic
Police and Crisis Intervention
Changing Role of the Police
Police and the Mentally Ill/Mentally Disturbed
The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Program
Transcrisis Handling in Long-Term Therapy
Anxiety Reactions
Regression
Problems of Termination
Crisis in the Therapy Session
Psychotic Breaks
People with Borderline Personality Disorder
Counseling Difficult Clients
Ground Rules for Counseling Difficult Clients
Confronting Difficult Clients
Confidentiality in Case Handling
Summary
Chapter 6. Telephone and Online Crisis Counseling
Introduction
Case Handling on Telephone Crisis Lines
Telephone Counseling Strategies
Making Psychological Contact
Defining the Problem
Ensuring Safety and Providing Support
Looking at Alternatives and Making Plans
Obtaining Commitment
Errors and Fallacies
Regular, Severely Disturbed, and Abusive Callers
Understanding the Regular Caller’s Agenda
Handling the Severely Disturbed Caller
Other Problem Callers
Handling the Problem Callers
Hotlines
The Internet’s Growing Role in Crisis Intervention
Behavioral Telehealth
The Appeal of Online Counseling
Problems of Online Counseling
Netiquette
Predispositioning
Texting
Virtual Reality
Need for Training
Legal, Ethical, and Moral Issues of Telephone and Internet Counseling
Does It Work?
Summary

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