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American Corrections

By Todd R. Clear, Michael D. Reisig, George F. Cole

13th Edition © 2022
Discipline:Criminal Justice
Course:Corrections
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Introduce students to the dynamics of the correctional system in the U.S. today with the fascinating, current content and balanced approach in Clear/Reisig/Cole's market-leading AMERICAN CORRECTIONS, 13E. Engaging discussions, actual cases with familiar names, first-hand insights from those in the system and career overviews immediately capture readers' interest and encourage careers in the field. This trusted resource highlights the latest facts and figures as well as new developments impacting correctional policy and practice in the U.S., such as COVID-19 and the rising use of methamphetamines and opioids. The authors provide an unbiased treatment of institutional and community sanctions as this well-rounded introduction examines the U.S. correctional system from the perspectives of both the corrections worker and the accused person. MindTap digital resources offer teaching support and interactive learning tools, video cases and career scenarios to strengthen understanding.

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MindTap for Clear/Reisig/Cole's American Corrections, 13th Edition, is a personalized, online learning platform that provides students with an immersive learning experience to build and foster critic…

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About this product

Introduce students to the dynamics of the correctional system in the U.S. today with the fascinating, current content and balanced approach in Clear/Reisig/Cole's market-leading AMERICAN CORRECTIONS, 13E. Engaging discussions, actual cases with familiar names, first-hand insights from those in the system and career overviews immediately capture readers' interest and encourage careers in the field. This trusted resource highlights the latest facts and figures as well as new developments impacting correctional policy and practice in the U.S., such as COVID-19 and the rising use of methamphetamines and opioids. The authors provide an unbiased treatment of institutional and community sanctions as this well-rounded introduction examines the U.S. correctional system from the perspectives of both the corrections worker and the accused person. MindTap digital resources offer teaching support and interactive learning tools, video cases and career scenarios to strengthen understanding.

"FOCUS ON" BOXES EMPHASIZE THE REAL-LIFE RELEVANCE OF ISSUES READERS ARE STUDYING. These engaging features -- which include People in Corrections, Correctional Policy and Correctional Practice -- illuminate chapter topics and emphasize their importance. Vivid, in-depth accounts become meaningful when shared by correctional workers, journalists, people in prison, people on parole and the relatives of those who are in the system.

"FOR CRITICAL THINKING" SECTIONS CHALLENGE STUDENTS TO CONNECT REAL-WORLD SITUATIONS TO CHAPTER DISCUSSIONS. Students carefully consider topics, such as whether probation is an effective general deterrent to someone convicted of indecent exposure and disorderly conduct (Ch. 4). They debate whether or not the head of a jail should be an elected official (Ch. 7) and whether or not newborns should be with their mothers if the mother is incarcerated (Ch. 12).

"MYTHS IN CORRECTIONS" SECTIONS DISPEL COMMON MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT CORRECTIONS AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE. These engaging and interesting features instantly and effectively engage students and can stimulate class discussion and encourage critical thinking.

"CAREERS IN CORRECTIONS" LEARNING FEATURES HIGHLIGHT SPECIFIC CORRECTIONAL OCCUPATIONS. With these interesting features, students gain a better understand of the important and rewarding professional roles available in today's corrections field. These job descriptions detail the nature of the work, required qualifications, earnings and job outlook as well as reliable sources for more information.

Table of contents

Chapters

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the Authors
Preface
The Approach of this Text
Organization
Special Features
Other Changes in the Thirteenth Edition
Ancillary Materials
Acknowledgments
Part 1. Correctional Context
Part 2. Correctional Practices
Part 3. Correctional Issues and Perspectives
Show more

Part 1. Correctional Context

Chapter 1. The Corrections System
Preview this section ↗
The Purpose of Corrections ↗
A Systems Framework for Studying Corrections ↗
Goals ↗
Interconnectedness ↗
Environment ↗
Feedback ↗
Complexity ↗
The Corrections System Today ↗
Key Issues in Corrections ↗
Managing the Correctional Organization ↗
Working with People ↗
Upholding Social Values ↗
Summary ↗
Key Terms ↗
For Discussion ↗
For Further Reading ↗
Chapter 2. The Early History of Correctional Thought and Practice
From the Middle Ages to the American Revolution
Galley Slavery
Imprisonment
Transportation
Corporal Punishment and Death
On the Eve of Reform
The Enlightenment and Correctional Reform
Cesare Beccaria and the Classical School
Jeremy Bentham and the “Hedonic Calculus”
John Howard and the Birth of the Penitentiary
What Really Motivated Correctionsal Reform?
Summary
Key Terms
For Discussion
For Further Reading
Chapter 3. The History of Corrections in America
The Colonial Period
The Arrival of the Penitentiary
The Pennsylvania System
The New York (Auburn) System
Debating the Systems
The Development of Prisons in the South and the West
Southern Penology
Western Penology
The Reformatory Movement
Cincinnati, 1870
Elmira Reformatory
Lasting Reforms
The Rise of the Progressives
Individualized Treatment and the Positivist School
Progressive Reforms
The Rise of the Medical Model
From Medical Model to Community Model
The Crime Control Model: The Pendulum Swings Again
The Decline of Rehabilitation
The Emergence of Crime Control
Where Are We Today?
Summary
Key Terms
For Discussion
For Further Reading
Chapter 4. Contemporary Punishment
The Purpose of Corrections
Retribution (Deserved Punishment)
Deterrence
Incapacitation
Rehabilitation
New Approaches to Punishment
Criminal Sanctions: A Mixed Bag?
Forms of the Criminal Sanction
Incarceration
Intermediate Sanctions
Probation
Death
Forms and Goals of Sanctions
The Sentencing Process
The Administrative Context
Attitudes and Values of Judges
The Presentence Report
Sentencing Guidelines
The Future of Sentencing Guidelines
Unjust Punishment
Sentencing Disparities
Wrongful Convictions
Summary
Key Terms
For Discussion
For Further Reading
Chapter 5. The Law of Corrections
The Foundations of Correctional Law
Constitutions
Statutes
Case Law
Regulations
Correctional Law and the U.S. Supreme Court
The End of the Hands-off Policy
Access to the Courts
The Prisoners’ Rights Movement
Constitutional Rights of the Incarcerated
The First Amendment
The Fourth Amendment
The Eighth Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment
A Change of Judicial Direction
The Impact of the Prisoners’ Rights Movement
Alternatives to Litigation
Grievance Procedures
The Ombudsman
Mediation
Legal Assistance
Law and Community Corrections
Constitutional Rights of People on Probation or Parole
Revocation of Probation and Parole
Law and Correctional Personnel
Civil Service Laws
Liability of Correctional Personnel
Summary
Key Terms
For Discussion
For Further Reading
Chapter 6. The Correctional Client
Selection for the Corrections System
Types of Clients
Situational Clients
Clients with Careers in Crime
Clients Convicted of Sex Crimes
Substance Abusers
Clients with Mental Illnesses
Clients with Developmental Disabilities
Clients with HIV/AIDS
Elderly Clients
Long-Termers
Military Veterans
Classifying People in the Corrections System: Key Issues
Overlap and Ambiguity in Classification
Offense Classifications and Correctional Programming
Behavioral Probabilities
Sociopolitical Pressures
Distinctions in Classification Criteria
Summary
Key Terms
For Discussion
For Further Reading

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