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A Microscale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques

By Donald L. Pavia, George S. Kriz, Gary M. Lampman, Randall G. Engel

6th Edition © 2018
Discipline:Chemistry
Course:Organic Chemistry
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Featuring new experiments unique to this lab textbook, as well as new and revised essays and updated techniques, this Sixth Edition provides the up-to-date coverage students need to succeed in their coursework and future careers. From biofuels, green chemistry, and nanotechnology, the book’s experiments, designed to utilize microscale glassware and equipment, demonstrate the relationship between organic chemistry and everyday life, with project-and biological or health science focused experiments. As they move through the book, students will experience traditional organic reactions and syntheses, the isolation of natural products, and molecular modeling.

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LabSkills for Chemistry (powered by OWLv2), 4 terms Instant Access for Pavia/Kriz/Lampman/Engel's A Microscale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques

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AboutTable of contentsResourcesPricing & formatsRelated products

About this product

Featuring new experiments unique to this lab textbook, as well as new and revised essays and updated techniques, this Sixth Edition provides the up-to-date coverage students need to succeed in their coursework and future careers. From biofuels, green chemistry, and nanotechnology, the book’s experiments, designed to utilize microscale glassware and equipment, demonstrate the relationship between organic chemistry and everyday life, with project-and biological or health science focused experiments. As they move through the book, students will experience traditional organic reactions and syntheses, the isolation of natural products, and molecular modeling.

A continued emphasis on Green Chemistry decreases the need for hazardous waste disposal, leading to reduced contamination of the environment. Green Chemistry experiments use less toxic reactants and solvents. Almost all experiments have been reduced in scale compared to traditional macroscale experiments.

An alternative way of approaching qualitative analysis that makes extensive use of spectroscopy to solve the structure of organic unknowns. This approach not only shows students how to solve structures in a more modern way, similar to that used in a research laboratory, but also reduces waste considerably.

Open-ended experiments allow students to "write" their own experimental procedures and make their own discoveries.

Infrared, proton NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy is incorporated into many experiments. Some experiments also have an option to use gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Table of contents

Chapters

Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments
How to Use This Book
Part 1. Introduction to Basic Laboratory Techniques
Part 2. Introduction to Molecular Modeling
Part 3. Properties and Reactions of Organic Compounds
Part 4. Identification of Organic Substances
Part 5. Project-Based Experiments
Part 6. The Techniques
Appendix 1. Tables of Unknowns and Derivatives
Appendix 2. Procedures for Preparing Derivatives
Appendix 3. Index of Spectra
Show more

Part 1. Introduction to Basic Laboratory Techniques

Experiment 1. Introduction to Microscale Laboratory
Preview this section ↗
Heating Methods ↗
Aluminum Block ↗
Sand Baths ↗
Water Bath ↗
Conical Reaction Vials ↗
Measurement of Solids ↗
Measurement of Liquids ↗
Automatic Pipettes ↗
Dispensing Pumps ↗
Graduated Pipettes ↗
Laboratory Exercise 1 ↗
Option A, Automatic Pipette ↗
Option B, Dispensing Pump ↗
Option C, Graduated Pipette ↗
Disposable (Pasteur) Pipettes ↗
Laboratory Exercise 2 ↗
Pipette Calibration ↗
Extraction ↗
Other Useful Techniques ↗
Experiment 2. Solubility
Procedure
Part A. Solubility of Solid Compounds
Part B. Solubility of Different Alcohols
Part C. Miscible or Immiscible Pairs
Part D. Solubility of Organic Acids and Bases
Part E. Critical Thinking Applications
Report
Questions
Experiment 3. Crystallization
Experiment 3A. Semimicroscale Crystallization—Erlenmeyer Flask and Hirsch Funnel
Procedure
Experiment 3B. Microscale Crystallization—Craig Tube
Procedure
Experiment 3C. Selecting a Solvent to Crystallize a Substance
Procedure
Experiment 3D. Mixture Melting Points
Procedure
Experiment 3E. Critical Thinking Application
Report
Questions
Experiment 4. Extraction
Experiment 4A. Extraction of Caffeine
Procedure
Experiment 4B. Distribution of a Solute between Two Immiscible Solvents
Procedure
Experiment 4C. How Do You Determine Which One Is the Organic Layer?
Procedure
Experiment 4D. Use of Extraction to Isolate a Neutral Compound from a Mixture Containing an Acid or Base Impurity
Procedure
Experiment 4E. Critical Thinking Application
Procedure
Report
Questions
Experiment 5. A Separation and Purification Scheme
Procedure
Report
Experiment 6. Chromatography
Experiment 6A. Thin-Layer Chromatography
Procedure
Experiment 6B. Selecting the Correct Solvent for Thin-Layer Chromatography
Procedure
Experiment 6C. Monitoring a Reaction with Thin-Layer Chromatography
Procedure
Experiment 6D. Column Chromatography
Procedure
Report
Questions
Experiment 7. Infrared Spectroscopy and Boiling-Point Determination
Procedure
Part A. Infrared Spectrum
Part B. Boiling-Point Determination
Part C. Analysis and Report
Experiment 8. Simple and Fractional Distillation
Experiment 8A. Simple and Fractional Distillation (Semimicroscale Procedure)
Procedure
Experiment 8B. Simple and Fractional Distillation (Microscale Procedure)
Procedure
Report
Essay. Aspirin
Essay: Aspirin
References
Experiment 9. Acetylsalicylic Acid
Procedure
Test for Purity
Aspirin Tablets
Questions
Essay: Analgesics
Essay: Analgesics
References
Experiment 10. Isolation of the Active Ingredient in an Analgesic Drug
Procedure
Questions
Experiment 11. Acetaminophen
Experiment 11A. Acetaminophen (Microscale Procedure)
Procedure
Experiment 11B. Acetaminophen (Semimicroscale Procedure)
Procedure
Questions
Essay: Identification of Drugs
Essay: Identification of Drugs
References
Experiment 12. TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs
Procedure
Questions
Essay: Caffeine
Essay: Caffeine
References
Experiment 13. Isolation of Caffeine from Tea or Coffee
Experiment 13A. Extraction of Caffeine from Tea with Methylene Chloride
Procedure
Experiment 13B (Optional). Extraction of Caffeine from Tea or Coffee Using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)
Procedure
Questions
Essay: Esters—Flavors and Fragrances
Essay: Esters—Flavors and Fragrances
References
Experiment 14. Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil)
Experiment 14A. Isopentyl Acetate (Microscale Procedure)
Procedure
Experiment 14B. Isopentyl Acetate (Semimicroscale Procedure)
Procedure
Questions
Essay: Terpenes and Phenylpropanoids
Essay: Terpenes and Phenylpropanoids
References
Experiment 15. Essential Oils: Extraction of Oil of Cloves by Steam Distillation
Experiment 15A. Oil of Cloves (Microscale Procedure)
Procedure
Experiment 15B. Oil of Cloves (Semimicroscale Procedure)
Procedure
Questions
Essay: Stereochemical Theory of Odor
Essay: Stereochemical Theory of Odor
References
Experiment 16. Spearmint and Caraway Oil: (+)- and (−)-Carvones
Procedure
Part A. Analysis of the Carvones
Part B. Separation by Gas Chromatography (Optional)
Questions
Essay: The Chemistry of Vision
Essay: The Chemistry of Vision
References
Experiment 17. Isolation of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments from Spinach
Procedure
Part A. Extraction of the Pigments
Part B. Column Chromatography
Part C. Thin-Layer Chromatography
Questions
Essay: Ethanol and Fermentation Chemistry
Essay: Ethanol and Fermentation Chemistry
References
Experiment 18. Ethanol from Sucrose
Procedure
Questions
Show more

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