Historical Dictionary of Civil Wars in Africa, 2nd Edition

Guy Arnold
Published By:

Scarecrow Press

Scarecrow Press, headquartered in Lanham, Maryland, is known for its scholarly bibliographies, historical dictionaries (of countries, religions, organizations, wars, movements, cities and ancient civilizations), library science monographs, and reference works in the humanities, particularly music and film.
ISBN-10: 0810864207
ISBN-13: 9780810864207
Grade Level Range: 9th Grade - College Senior
491 Pages | eBook
Original Copyright 2007 | Published/Released June 2009
This publication's content originally published in print form: 2007

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About

Overview

Ever since the end of World War II, and even more so since 1960, when seventeen African colonies became independent of colonial rule, the African continent has been ravaged by a series of wars. These wars have ranged from liberation struggles against former colonial powers to power struggles between different factions in the aftermath of independence. They have ranged from border wars between newly independent states to civil wars between ethnic groups. As with many conflicts, outside forces were drawn into these wars, and major powers outside the continent intervened on one side or the other for a variety of reasons: political ideology, Cold War considerations, ethnic alignments, and stemming the flow of violence.

Whether referring to Algeria's struggle for independence from French colonial rule, Nigeria's internal struggles to achieve a balanced state after the British departure, the Rwandan genocide of 1994, or the current ethnic cleansing in Darfur, the second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Civil Wars in Africa covers all of the wars that have occurred in Africa since independence. This is done through a chronology broken down by country, a list of acronyms and abbreviations, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and cross-referenced dictionary entries covering the wars, conflicts, major political and military figures, child soldiers, mercenaries, and blood diamonds.

About the Author:
Guy Arnold is the author of 40 books, including Historical Dictionary of Aid and Development Organizations (1996), Historical Dictionary of Civil Wars in Africa (1999), Historical Dictionary of the Crimean War (2002), and Historical Dictionary of the Non-Aligned Movement and Third World (2006), all published by the Scarecrow Press.

Table of Contents

Front Cover.
Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest.
Title Page.
Copyright Page.
Contents.
Editor's Foreword.
Preface.
Acronyms and Abbreviations.
Map.
Chronology.
Introduction.
1: Abbas, Ferhat (1899–1985).
2: Afewerke, Issayas (1946– ).
3: African National Congress (ANC).
4: African Union (AU).
5: Aid.
6: Aideed, General Muhammad Farah (AYDID) (1930–96).
7: Algeria (1954–62).
8: Algeria, the Islamist War (1992–2006).
9: Amin, Idi Amin Dada (?1925–2003).
10: Angola (1975–94).
11: Annan, Kofi (1938– ).
12: Anya-Nya.
13: Arms Trade.
14: Barre, Muhammad Siad (1909–95).
15: Bashir, Omar Hassan Al- (1944– ).
16: Beira Corridor.
17: Ben Bella, Ahmed (1918– ).
18: Benguela Railway.
19: Boumedienne, Houari (Mohammed Ben Brahim Boukharouba) (1927–78).
20: Bouteflika, Abdelaziz (1937– ).
21: Burundi.
22: Buthelezi, Chief Gatsha Mangosuthu (1928– ).
23: Buyoya, Pierre (1949– ).
24: Cabora Bassa Dam.
25: Camus, Albert (1913–60 ).
26: Central African Republic (CAR).
27: Chad.
28: Child Soldiers.
29: Chissano, Joaquim Alberto (1939– ).
30: Churches.
31: Cold War.
32: Comité Révolutionnaire Pour L'unité Et L'action (CRUA) / Revolutionary Committee for Unity and Action.
33: Commonwealth.
34: Comoro Islands.
35: Congo, Democratic Republic of: Africa's Great War.
36: Congo, Republic of (Brazzaville).
37: Congo, Republic of the (Later Zaire).
38: Côte d'Ivoire.
39: Crocker Plan.
40: Cuba.
41: Cuito Cuanavale.
42: Darfur (Sudan).
43: Déby, Idriss (1956– ).
44: De Gaulle, Charles (1890–1970).
45: De Klerk, Frederik Willem (1936– ).
46: Democratic Front for the Salvation of Somalia (DFSS).
47: Diamonds.
48: Doe, Samuel (1951–90).
49: Dos Santos, Jose Eduardo (1942– ).
50: Economic Community Monitoring Group (ECOMOG).
51: Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
52: Eritrea.
53: Eritrea–Ethiopia Border War, 1998–2000.
54: Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF).
55: Eritrean Liberation Front-Popular Liberation Forces (ELF-PLF).
56: Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF).
57: Ethiopia.
58: Ethiopian Democratic Union (EDU).
59: Fanon, Frantz (1925–61).
60: Forces Armées du Nord (FAN)/Northern Armed Forces.
61: Forces Armées du Tchad (FAT)/Armed Forces of Chad.
62: Forces Armées Populaires (FAP)/Popular Armed Forces.
63: France.
64: Frente da Libertação de Moçambique (FRELIMO)/ Mozambique Liberation Front.
65: Frente da Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC)/Liberation Front for the Cabinda Enclave.
66: Frente Nacional da Libertação de Angola (FNLA)/National Front for the Liberation of Angola.
67: Front D'action Commune (FAC)/Front for Common Action.
68: Front de Libération Nationale (FLN)/National Liberation Front.
69: Front de Libération Nationale du Tchad (FROLINAT)/Chad National Liberation Front.
70: Gaddafi, Muammar Al- (1942– ).
71: Garang, John (De Mabion) (1945–2005).
72: Gouvernement Provisoire de la République Algérienne (GPRA)/Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic.
73: Gowon, Yakubu (1934– ).
74: Great Britain (Britain).
75: Habré, Hissène (1936– ).
76: Habyarimana, Juvenal (1937–94).
77: Hammarskjöld, Dag (Hjalmar Agne Carl) (1905–61).
78: Hani, Chris (1942–93).
79: Johnson, Prince Yormie (c. 1959– ).
80: Kabila, Laurent-Désiré (?1943–2001).
81: Kaunda, Kenneth David (1924– ).
82: Lagu, Joseph Lagu Yanga (1931– ).
83: Liberia.
84: Linkage.
85: Lumumba, Patrice (1925–61).
86: Machel, Samora Moises (1933–86).
87: Mahdi, Sadiq Al- (1926– ).
88: Mandela, Nelson Rolihahla (1918– ).
89: Mediation.
90: Mengistu, Haile Mariam (1940– ).
91: Mercenaries.
92: Military Assistance.
93: Mobutu, Joseph-Désiré (Later Sese Seko) (1930–97).
94: Mohammed, Ali Mahdi (1940– ).
95: Mouvement Pour la Libération du Tchad (MPLT)/ Movement for the Liberation of Chad.
96: Movimento Popular Para a Libertação de Angola (MPLA)/Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola.
97: Mozambique.
98: Mugabe, Robert Gabriel (1924– ).
99: Museveni, Yoweri Kagutu (1944– ).
100: Namibia.
101: National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL).
102: Neto, Antonio Agostinho (1922–79).
103: Nigeria, Civil War (1967–70).
104: Nigeria: The Delta War (1995– ).
105: Nimeiri, Gaafar Mohammed (1930– ).
106: Nkomati Accord.
107: Nkomo, Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo (1917–99).
108: Nyerere, Julius Kambarage (1922–99).
109: Obasanjo, Olusegun (1937– ).
110: Ogaden War.
111: Ojukwu, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu (1933– ).
112: Organisation de L'armée Secrète (OAS)/Secret Army Organization.
113: Organisation Secrète (OS)/Secret Organization.
114: Organization of African Unity (OAU).
115: Oromo National Liberation Front (ONLF).
116: Oueddei, Goukouni (1944– ).
117: Peacekeeping.
118: Portugal.
119: Refugees.
120: Relief Agencies.
121: Resistência Nacional Moçambicana (RENAMO)/ Mozambican National Resistance.
122: Roberto, Holden Alvaro (1923– ).
123: Ruacana Dam.
124: Rwanda.
125: Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF).
126: Salan, Raoul (Albin-Louis) (1899–1984).
127: Savimbi, Jonas Malkeiro (1934–2002).
128: Sawyer, Amos (1945– ).
129: Selassie, Haile (Tafari Makonnen) (1892–1975).
130: Setif.
131: Sierra Leone.
132: Slovo, Joe (1926–95).
133: Somali National Movement (SNM).
134: Somalia.
135: Soustelle, Jaques-Émile (1912–90).
136: South Africa.
137: South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO).
138: Spinola, Antonio de (1910–96).
139: Sudan.
140: Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM)/Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA).
141: Tambo, Oliver Reginald (1917–93).
142: Tanganyika Concessions (TANKS).
143: Taylor, Charles (1948– ).
144: Tigre People's Liberation Front (TPLF).
145: Tshombe, Moise (1919–69).
146: Uganda and Civil Wars (1966–90).
147: Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA).
148: União Nacional Para a Independência Total de Angola (Unita)/National Union for the Total Independence of Angola.
149: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
150: United Nations.
151: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
152: United Somali Congress (USC).
153: United States.
154: Van Dunem, Pedro de Castro "LOY" (c. 1942– ).
155: Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF).
156: Women and Children.
157: Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo).
158: Zanzibar.
159: Zenawi, "Meles" Legasse (1955– ).
160: Zimbabwe.
161: Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU).
162: Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU).
Bibliography.
Introduction.
General.
Algeria.
Angola.
Burundi and Rwanda.
Central African Republic.
Chad.
Congo, Democratic Republic of the, and Zaire.
Congo, Republic of.
Côte d'Ivoire.
Darfur (Sudan).
Eritrea.
Ethiopia.
Liberia.
Mozambique.
Namibia.
Nigeria.
Sierra Leone.
Somalia.
South Africa and Southern Africa.
Sudan.
Uganda.
Zimbabwe (Rhodesia).
About the Author.
Front Cover.
Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest.
Title Page.
Copyright Page.
Contents.
Editor's Foreword.
Preface.
Acronyms and Abbreviations.
Map.
Chronology.
Introduction.
1: Abbas, Ferhat (1899–1985).
2: Afewerke, Issayas (1946– ).
3: African National Congress (ANC).
4: African Union (AU).
5: Aid.
6: Aideed, General Muhammad Farah (AYDID) (1930–96).
7: Algeria (1954–62).
8: Algeria, the Islamist War (1992–2006).
9: Amin, Idi Amin Dada (?1925–2003).
10: Angola (1975–94).
11: Annan, Kofi (1938– ).
12: Anya-Nya.
13: Arms Trade.
14: Barre, Muhammad Siad (1909–95).
15: Bashir, Omar Hassan Al- (1944– ).
16: Beira Corridor.
17: Ben Bella, Ahmed (1918– ).
18: Benguela Railway.
19: Boumedienne, Houari (Mohammed Ben Brahim Boukharouba) (1927–78).
20: Bouteflika, Abdelaziz (1937– ).
21: Burundi.
22: Buthelezi, Chief Gatsha Mangosuthu (1928– ).
23: Buyoya, Pierre (1949– ).
24: Cabora Bassa Dam.
25: Camus, Albert (1913–60 ).
26: Central African Republic (CAR).
27: Chad.
28: Child Soldiers.
29: Chissano, Joaquim Alberto (1939– ).
30: Churches.
31: Cold War.
32: Comité Révolutionnaire Pour L'unité Et L'action (CRUA) / Revolutionary Committee for Unity and Action.
33: Commonwealth.
34: Comoro Islands.
35: Congo, Democratic Republic of: Africa's Great War.
36: Congo, Republic of (Brazzaville).
37: Congo, Republic of the (Later Zaire).
38: Côte d'Ivoire.
39: Crocker Plan.
40: Cuba.
41: Cuito Cuanavale.
42: Darfur (Sudan).
43: Déby, Idriss (1956– ).
44: De Gaulle, Charles (1890–1970).
45: De Klerk, Frederik Willem (1936– ).
46: Democratic Front for the Salvation of Somalia (DFSS).
47: Diamonds.
48: Doe, Samuel (1951–90).
49: Dos Santos, Jose Eduardo (1942– ).
50: Economic Community Monitoring Group (ECOMOG).
51: Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
52: Eritrea.
53: Eritrea–Ethiopia Border War, 1998–2000.
54: Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF).
55: Eritrean Liberation Front-Popular Liberation Forces (ELF-PLF).
56: Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF).
57: Ethiopia.
58: Ethiopian Democratic Union (EDU).
59: Fanon, Frantz (1925–61).
60: Forces Armées du Nord (FAN)/Northern Armed Forces.
61: Forces Armées du Tchad (FAT)/Armed Forces of Chad.
62: Forces Armées Populaires (FAP)/Popular Armed Forces.
63: France.
64: Frente da Libertação de Moçambique (FRELIMO)/ Mozambique Liberation Front.
65: Frente da Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC)/Liberation Front for the Cabinda Enclave.
66: Frente Nacional da Libertação de Angola (FNLA)/National Front for the Liberation of Angola.
67: Front D'action Commune (FAC)/Front for Common Action.
68: Front de Libération Nationale (FLN)/National Liberation Front.
69: Front de Libération Nationale du Tchad (FROLINAT)/Chad National Liberation Front.
70: Gaddafi, Muammar Al- (1942– ).
71: Garang, John (De Mabion) (1945–2005).
72: Gouvernement Provisoire de la République Algérienne (GPRA)/Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic.
73: Gowon, Yakubu (1934– ).
74: Great Britain (Britain).
75: Habré, Hissène (1936– ).
76: Habyarimana, Juvenal (1937–94).
77: Hammarskjöld, Dag (Hjalmar Agne Carl) (1905–61).
78: Hani, Chris (1942–93).
79: Johnson, Prince Yormie (c. 1959– ).
80: Kabila, Laurent-Désiré (?1943–2001).
81: Kaunda, Kenneth David (1924– ).
82: Lagu, Joseph Lagu Yanga (1931– ).
83: Liberia.
84: Linkage.
85: Lumumba, Patrice (1925–61).
86: Machel, Samora Moises (1933–86).
87: Mahdi, Sadiq Al- (1926– ).
88: Mandela, Nelson Rolihahla (1918– ).
89: Mediation.
90: Mengistu, Haile Mariam (1940– ).
91: Mercenaries.
92: Military Assistance.
93: Mobutu, Joseph-Désiré (Later Sese Seko) (1930–97).
94: Mohammed, Ali Mahdi (1940– ).
95: Mouvement Pour la Libération du Tchad (MPLT)/ Movement for the Liberation of Chad.
96: Movimento Popular Para a Libertação de Angola (MPLA)/Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola.
97: Mozambique.
98: Mugabe, Robert Gabriel (1924– ).
99: Museveni, Yoweri Kagutu (1944– ).
100: Namibia.
101: National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL).
102: Neto, Antonio Agostinho (1922–79).
103: Nigeria, Civil War (1967–70).
104: Nigeria: The Delta War (1995– ).
105: Nimeiri, Gaafar Mohammed (1930– ).
106: Nkomati Accord.
107: Nkomo, Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo (1917–99).
108: Nyerere, Julius Kambarage (1922–99).
109: Obasanjo, Olusegun (1937– ).
110: Ogaden War.
111: Ojukwu, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu (1933– ).
112: Organisation de L'armée Secrète (OAS)/Secret Army Organization.
113: Organisation Secrète (OS)/Secret Organization.
114: Organization of African Unity (OAU).
115: Oromo National Liberation Front (ONLF).
116: Oueddei, Goukouni (1944– ).
117: Peacekeeping.
118: Portugal.
119: Refugees.
120: Relief Agencies.
121: Resistência Nacional Moçambicana (RENAMO)/ Mozambican National Resistance.
122: Roberto, Holden Alvaro (1923– ).
123: Ruacana Dam.
124: Rwanda.
125: Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF).
126: Salan, Raoul (Albin-Louis) (1899–1984).
127: Savimbi, Jonas Malkeiro (1934–2002).
128: Sawyer, Amos (1945– ).
129: Selassie, Haile (Tafari Makonnen) (1892–1975).
130: Setif.
131: Sierra Leone.
132: Slovo, Joe (1926–95).
133: Somali National Movement (SNM).
134: Somalia.
135: Soustelle, Jaques-Émile (1912–90).
136: South Africa.
137: South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO).
138: Spinola, Antonio de (1910–96).
139: Sudan.
140: Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM)/Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA).
141: Tambo, Oliver Reginald (1917–93).
142: Tanganyika Concessions (TANKS).
143: Taylor, Charles (1948– ).
144: Tigre People's Liberation Front (TPLF).
145: Tshombe, Moise (1919–69).
146: Uganda and Civil Wars (1966–90).
147: Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA).
148: União Nacional Para a Independência Total de Angola (Unita)/National Union for the Total Independence of Angola.
149: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
150: United Nations.
151: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
152: United Somali Congress (USC).
153: United States.
154: Van Dunem, Pedro de Castro "LOY" (c. 1942– ).
155: Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF).
156: Women and Children.
157: Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo).
158: Zanzibar.
159: Zenawi, "Meles" Legasse (1955– ).
160: Zimbabwe.
161: Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU).
162: Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU).
Bibliography.
Introduction.
General.
Algeria.
Angola.
Burundi and Rwanda.
Central African Republic.
Chad.
Congo, Democratic Republic of the, and Zaire.
Congo, Republic of.
Côte d'Ivoire.
Darfur (Sudan).
Eritrea.
Ethiopia.
Liberia.
Mozambique.
Namibia.
Nigeria.
Sierra Leone.
Somalia.
South Africa and Southern Africa.
Sudan.
Uganda.
Zimbabwe (Rhodesia).
About the Author.