Cengage Learning

Historical Dictionary of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Welfare, 1st Edition

  • Benjamin C. Garrett
  • Published By:
  • ISBN-10: 0810864371
  • ISBN-13: 9780810864375
  • Grade Level Range: 9th Grade - College Senior
  • 261 Pages | eBook
  • Original Copyright 2007 | Published/Released June 2009
  • This publication's content originally published in print form: 2007

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About

Overview

Human experience with nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) warfare has been limited, especially in comparison to conventional forms of warfare. Our experience with nuclear warfare is confined to a period of less than one week during the end of World War II, when the United States successfully used two nuclear weapons against targets in Japan. The course of biological warfare and modern use of biological weapons are difficult to track owing to the difficulty of differentiating deliberate use from natural outbreaks. However, the keen potential of biological weapons in acts of terror was shown in the mass disruption caused in the fall 2001 experience in the U.S. with the release of anthrax through the American postal system. Chemical weapons have been used in a handful of conflicts since their introduction to modern warfare during World War I, most recently during the Iran-Iraq War during the 1980s. Despite this limited experience, NBC warfare continues to exert a certain fascination among states.

The Historical Dictionary of Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Warfare covers the development and use of NBC weapons as well as efforts to limit or control the use of these weapons through a chronology, a bibliography, an introductory essay, and dictionary entries. Over 500 cross-referenced dictionary entries provide a unique selection of terms related to NBC warfare, ranging from basic descriptions of substances used in NBC warfare to details on incidents and episodes where NBC weapons were used. Entries are structured around historical events, persons important to NBC warfare, countries where such weapons have been developed or used, and international treaties and treaty-related organizations.

Table of Contents

Front Cover.
Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest.
Title Page.
Copyright Page.
Contents.
Editor's Foreword.
Preface.
Acronyms and Abbreviations.
Chronology.
Introduction.
1: Abandoned Chemical Weapons (ACW).
2: Able Archer '83.
3: Absolute Dud.
4: Aconitine.
5: Adamsite.
6: Adjuvant.
7: Aerosol.
8: Agent Orange.
9: Alarm Clock.
10: Albania.
11: Alibek, Kenneth.
12: Alpha Particle.
13: Alsos Mission.
14: American University.
15: Americium.
16: Amiton.
17: Ammash, Huda Salih Mahdi.
18: Ammonium Thiocyanate.
19: Amos.
20: Anthrax.
21: AntiBallistic Missile (ABM) Treaty.
22: Anticonvulsants.
23: Anticrop Agents.
24: Antiplague System.
25: Antonov, Nikolai Serafimovich.
26: Archie.
27: Argentina.
28: Arsine.
29: Arzamas–16.
30: Ashmarin, Igor Petrovich (1925– ).
31: Atomic Annie.
32: Atomic Demolition Munition (ADM).
33: Atomic Energy Act of 1946.
34: Atomic Energy Commission (AEC).
35: Atoms For Peace.
36: Aum Shinrikyo.
37: Australia.
38: Australia Group (AG).
39: Aviakhim.
40: Avian Flu.
41: Ayrton Fan.
42: Background Radiation.
43: Balloon Dope.
44: Bari Incident.
45: Baruch Plan.
46: Becquerel.
47: Bellwether Studies.
48: Bent Spear.
49: Bersol.
50: Beta Particle.
51: Bhabha, Homi Jehangir (1909–1966).
52: Bhangmeter.
53: Big Brother.
54: Bigeye.
55: Bilateral Destruction Agreement (BDA).
56: Binary Chemical Weapon.
57: Bioindustry Initiative (BII).
58: Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC).
59: Biological Warfare Committee (BWC).
60: Biological weapon (BW).
61: Biopreparat.
62: Biosafety (Biosecurity).
63: Blind (Blinds).
64: Blitzableiter Committee (Blitzarbeiter Committee).
65: Blome, Kurt.
66: Blood Agent.
67: Blue Cross Agent.
68: Bock's Car.
69: Bohr, Niels (1885–1962).
70: Bohr–Heisenberg Conversation.
71: Bone Oil.
72: Bothe, Walther (1891–1957).
73: Botulinum Toxin (BTX).
74: Boyles, William Allen (1905–1951).
75: Bravo.
76: Brazil.
77: Brazilian–Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC).
78: Breeder Reactor.
79: Broad Spectrum.
80: Broken Arrow.
81: Brown Derby Exercise.
82: Brucellosis.
83: Bureau of Mines.
84: Burgasov, Pyotr N.
85: Burnet, Sir Frank Macfarlane (1899–1985).
86: Bush, Vannevar (1890–1974).
87: Bz.
88: Cacodyl.
89: Cacodyl Cyanide.
90: Cacodylic Acid.
91: Calutron.
92: Camouflage Gas.
93: Carbon Disulfide.
94: Carrier.
95: Catholic University of America (CUA).
96: Centre D'études Du Bouchet.
97: Chain Reaction.
98: Chemical Agent Identification Set (CAIS).
99: Chemical Ali.
100: Chemical Corps (CmlC).
101: Chemical Warfare Service (CWS).
102: Chemical Weapon (CW).
103: Chemical Weapon Production Facility (CWPF).
104: Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).
105: Chicken Farm.
106: China.
107: China Syndrome.
108: Chlorine.
109: Chloroacetophenone.
110: Chloropicrin.
111: Choking Agent.
112: Cholinesterases.
113: Circular Error Probable (CEP).
114: Classes of Chemical Weapons.
115: Cloud Chamber Effect.
116: Cloud–Top Height.
117: Cochrane, Thomas, Lord Dundonald.
118: Completeness of Destruction.
119: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).
120: Conant, James Bryant (1893–1978).
121: Confidence–Building Measure (CBM).
122: Conventional Committee.
123: Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program.
124: Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (COCOM).
125: Counterproliferation.
126: Critical Mass.
127: Cryofracture.
128: CS.
129: Cuban Missile Crisis.
130: Curie.
131: Curveball.
132: Cyclosarin.
133: Daghlian, Harry Krikor, Jr. (1921–1945).
134: Dashiell, Thomas Ronald (1928–1998).
135: Decoupling.
136: Defoliant.
137: Depleted Uranium (DU).
138: Deuterium.
139: Dew of Death.
140: Directorate of Tube Alloys.
141: Dirty Bomb.
142: Disintegration.
143: Dobrokhim.
144: Domaradsky, Igor Valeryanovich (1925– ).
145: Dragon Experiment.
146: Dry–Land Drowning.
147: Dugway Proving Ground (DPG).
148: Dull Sword.
149: Dunnage.
150: Dusty Agent.
151: Dwarf Dud.
152: Edgewood Arsenal.
153: Eight–Ball.
154: Einstein, Albert (1879–1955).
155: Einstein–Russell Manifesto.
156: Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP).
157: Empty Quiver.
158: Endo Sei–Ichi.
159: Enewetak Atoll.
160: Enola Gay.
161: Ethiopia.
162: Faded Giant.
163: Fallout.
164: Farm Hall.
165: Fast Neutron.
166: Fat Man.
167: Fertile Isotope.
168: 15th Directorate.
169: Fifth Washington Conference on Theoretical Physics.
170: First Gas Regiment.
171: Fishman, Yakov Moiseevich (1887–1962).
172: Fissile Material.
173: Fission.
174: Fission–Fusion-Fission Weapon Design.
175: 509th Composite Group.
176: Flying Cow; Flying Lavatory.
177: Foot-And-Mouth Disease (FMD).
178: Fort Detrick.
179: 49 Metal.
180: Foulkes, Charles Howard (1875–1969).
181: France.
182: Freezing-Point Depressant.
183: Fries, Amos A. (1873–1963).
184: Frisch, Robert Otto (1904–1979).
185: Fuchs, Klaus Emil Julius (1911–1988).
186: Fusion.
187: G8 Global Partnership.
188: Gadget.
189: Gamma Radiation.
190: Gas Centrifuge.
Front Cover.
Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Unrest.
Title Page.
Copyright Page.
Contents.
Editor's Foreword.
Preface.
Acronyms and Abbreviations.
Chronology.
Introduction.
1: Abandoned Chemical Weapons (ACW).
2: Able Archer '83.
3: Absolute Dud.
4: Aconitine.
5: Adamsite.
6: Adjuvant.
7: Aerosol.
8: Agent Orange.
9: Alarm Clock.
10: Albania.
11: Alibek, Kenneth.
12: Alpha Particle.
13: Alsos Mission.
14: American University.
15: Americium.
16: Amiton.
17: Ammash, Huda Salih Mahdi.
18: Ammonium Thiocyanate.
19: Amos.
20: Anthrax.
21: AntiBallistic Missile (ABM) Treaty.
22: Anticonvulsants.
23: Anticrop Agents.
24: Antiplague System.
25: Antonov, Nikolai Serafimovich.
26: Archie.
27: Argentina.
28: Arsine.
29: Arzamas–16.
30: Ashmarin, Igor Petrovich (1925– ).
31: Atomic Annie.
32: Atomic Demolition Munition (ADM).
33: Atomic Energy Act of 1946.
34: Atomic Energy Commission (AEC).
35: Atoms For Peace.
36: Aum Shinrikyo.
37: Australia.
38: Australia Group (AG).
39: Aviakhim.
40: Avian Flu.
41: Ayrton Fan.
42: Background Radiation.
43: Balloon Dope.
44: Bari Incident.
45: Baruch Plan.
46: Becquerel.
47: Bellwether Studies.
48: Bent Spear.
49: Bersol.
50: Beta Particle.
51: Bhabha, Homi Jehangir (1909–1966).
52: Bhangmeter.
53: Big Brother.
54: Bigeye.
55: Bilateral Destruction Agreement (BDA).
56: Binary Chemical Weapon.
57: Bioindustry Initiative (BII).
58: Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC).
59: Biological Warfare Committee (BWC).
60: Biological weapon (BW).
61: Biopreparat.
62: Biosafety (Biosecurity).
63: Blind (Blinds).
64: Blitzableiter Committee (Blitzarbeiter Committee).
65: Blome, Kurt.
66: Blood Agent.
67: Blue Cross Agent.
68: Bock's Car.
69: Bohr, Niels (1885–1962).
70: Bohr–Heisenberg Conversation.
71: Bone Oil.
72: Bothe, Walther (1891–1957).
73: Botulinum Toxin (BTX).
74: Boyles, William Allen (1905–1951).
75: Bravo.
76: Brazil.
77: Brazilian–Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC).
78: Breeder Reactor.
79: Broad Spectrum.
80: Broken Arrow.
81: Brown Derby Exercise.
82: Brucellosis.
83: Bureau of Mines.
84: Burgasov, Pyotr N.
85: Burnet, Sir Frank Macfarlane (1899–1985).
86: Bush, Vannevar (1890–1974).
87: Bz.
88: Cacodyl.
89: Cacodyl Cyanide.
90: Cacodylic Acid.
91: Calutron.
92: Camouflage Gas.
93: Carbon Disulfide.
94: Carrier.
95: Catholic University of America (CUA).
96: Centre D'études Du Bouchet.
97: Chain Reaction.
98: Chemical Agent Identification Set (CAIS).
99: Chemical Ali.
100: Chemical Corps (CmlC).
101: Chemical Warfare Service (CWS).
102: Chemical Weapon (CW).
103: Chemical Weapon Production Facility (CWPF).
104: Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).
105: Chicken Farm.
106: China.
107: China Syndrome.
108: Chlorine.
109: Chloroacetophenone.
110: Chloropicrin.
111: Choking Agent.
112: Cholinesterases.
113: Circular Error Probable (CEP).
114: Classes of Chemical Weapons.
115: Cloud Chamber Effect.
116: Cloud–Top Height.
117: Cochrane, Thomas, Lord Dundonald.
118: Completeness of Destruction.
119: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).
120: Conant, James Bryant (1893–1978).
121: Confidence–Building Measure (CBM).
122: Conventional Committee.
123: Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program.
124: Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (COCOM).
125: Counterproliferation.
126: Critical Mass.
127: Cryofracture.
128: CS.
129: Cuban Missile Crisis.
130: Curie.
131: Curveball.
132: Cyclosarin.
133: Daghlian, Harry Krikor, Jr. (1921–1945).
134: Dashiell, Thomas Ronald (1928–1998).
135: Decoupling.
136: Defoliant.
137: Depleted Uranium (DU).
138: Deuterium.
139: Dew of Death.
140: Directorate of Tube Alloys.
141: Dirty Bomb.
142: Disintegration.
143: Dobrokhim.
144: Domaradsky, Igor Valeryanovich (1925– ).
145: Dragon Experiment.
146: Dry–Land Drowning.
147: Dugway Proving Ground (DPG).
148: Dull Sword.
149: Dunnage.
150: Dusty Agent.
151: Dwarf Dud.
152: Edgewood Arsenal.
153: Eight–Ball.
154: Einstein, Albert (1879–1955).
155: Einstein–Russell Manifesto.
156: Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP).
157: Empty Quiver.
158: Endo Sei–Ichi.
159: Enewetak Atoll.
160: Enola Gay.
161: Ethiopia.
162: Faded Giant.
163: Fallout.
164: Farm Hall.
165: Fast Neutron.
166: Fat Man.
167: Fertile Isotope.
168: 15th Directorate.
169: Fifth Washington Conference on Theoretical Physics.
170: First Gas Regiment.
171: Fishman, Yakov Moiseevich (1887–1962).
172: Fissile Material.
173: Fission.
174: Fission–Fusion-Fission Weapon Design.
175: 509th Composite Group.
176: Flying Cow; Flying Lavatory.
177: Foot-And-Mouth Disease (FMD).
178: Fort Detrick.
179: 49 Metal.
180: Foulkes, Charles Howard (1875–1969).
181: France.
182: Freezing-Point Depressant.
183: Fries, Amos A. (1873–1963).
184: Frisch, Robert Otto (1904–1979).
185: Fuchs, Klaus Emil Julius (1911–1988).
186: Fusion.
187: G8 Global Partnership.
188: Gadget.
189: Gamma Radiation.
190: Gas Centrifuge.