Front Cover.
Half Title Page.
Title Page.
Copyright Page.
Other Frontmatter.
Contents.
Preface.
Acknowledgments.
1: Introduction: Chemistry and Its Divisions.
2: Introduction.
3: The Scientific Enterprise.
4: What Is Chemistry?.
5: Divisions of Chemistry.
6: A Brief History of Chemistry.
7: Introduction.
8: Early History.
9: Greek Science.
10: Alchemy.
11: Chemistry in the Middle Ages.
12: The Birth of Modern Chemistry.
13: Introduction.
14: The Beginnings of Modern Chemistry.
15: The Phlogiston Theory.
16: Pneumatic Chemistry.
17: Lavoisier.
18: The Atom.
19: Introduction.
20: The Law of Definite Proportions.
21: Dalton and the Birth of the Atomic Theory.
22: Gay-Lussac and Avogadro's Hypothesis.
23: The Divisible Atom.
24: Atomic Structure.
25: Quantum Mechanics.
26: A Modern View of the Atom.
27: Atomic Mass, Atomic Numbers, and Isotopes.
28: Ions.
Summary.
29: Atoms Combined.
30: Introduction.
31: Mixtures, Compounds, and Molecules.
32: Naming Elements.
33: Naming Compounds.
34: Writing Chemical Formulas.
35: Chemical Reactions.
36: Types of Reactions.
37: From Molecules to Moles.
38: Elements and the Periodic Table.
39: Introduction.
40: Discovery of the Elements.
41: The Modern Periodic Table.
42: The Main Group Elements.
43: d and f Block Elements.
44: Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals.
45: Periodic Problems.
Summary.
46: Chemical Bonding.
47: Introduction and History.
48: Dot Formulas, the Octet Rule, and Ionic Bonds.
49: Covalent Bonds.
50: Electronegativity and the Polar Covalent Bond.
51: Polar Molecules and Hydrogen Bonds.
52: Bond Energies.
53: The Metallic Bond.
54: Bonding and Molecular Geometry.
55: Modern Bonding Theory.
56: Intermolecular Forces and the Solid and Liquid States.
57: Introduction.
58: Characteristics of Solids, Liquids, and Gases.
59: Intermolecular Forces.
60: Crystalline Solids.
61: Amorphous Solids.
62: Liquids.
63: Material Science.
64: Gases.
65: Introduction.
66: Pressure.
67: The Gas Laws.
68: The Ideal Gas Law.
69: Partial Pressure and Vapor Pressure.
70: Applications of the Gas Laws.
71: Phase Changes and Thermochemistry.
72: Introduction.
73: Changes of State.
74: Energy and Phase Changes.
75: Heating Curves.
76: Calorimetry.
77: Heat of Reaction.
78: Applications of Heat of Reactions.
79: Solutions.
80: Introduction.
81: The Solution Process.
82: Electrolytes.
83: Concentration of Solutions.
84: Solubility of Gases.
85: Colligative Properties.
86: Reactions of Solutions.
87: Colloids and Suspensions.
88: Kinetics and Equilibrium.
89: Introduction.
90: Reaction Rates.
91: The Collision Theory.
92: Factors Affecting Reaction Rates.
93: Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis.
94: Chemical Equilibrium.
95: Le Châtelier's Principle.
96: The Equilibrium Constant.
97: Ammonia and the Haber Process.
98: Acids and Bases.
99: Introduction and History.
100: Chemical Definitions of Acids and Bases.
101: Strengths of Acids and Bases.
102: Acid Concentration.
103: pH and pOH.
104: Neutralization Reactions.
105: Buffers.
Summary.
106: Electrochemistry.
107: Introduction.
108: History.
109: Oxidation and Reduction.
110: Oxidation Numbers.
111: Electrochemical Cells.
112: Electrolysis.
113: Batteries.
114: Corrosion.
115: Electroplating.
116: Commercial Applications and Electrorefining.
Summary.
117: Organic Chemistry.
118: Introduction and History.
119: Organic Compounds.
120: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons.
121: Aromatic Hydrocarbons—Benzene.
122: Functional Groups and Organic Families.
123: Petroleum.
124: Organic Products.
Summary.
125: Biochemistry.
126: Introduction.
127: Carbohydrates.
128: Lipids.
129: Proteins.
130: Nucleic Acids.
131: Biotechnology.
132: Nuclear Chemistry.
133: Introduction.
134: Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity.
135: Radioactive Decay and Nuclear Reactions.
136: Half-Life and Radiometric Dating.
137: Nuclear Binding Energy—Fission and Fusion.
138: Fusion and Stellar Evolution.
139: Transmutation.
140: Nuclear Medicine.
141: Radiation Units and Detection.
142: Biological Effects of Radiation.
Summary.
143: Environmental Chemistry.
144: Introduction.
145: Stratospheric Ozone Depletion.
146: Acid Rain.
147: The Greenhouse Effect.
148: Water Quality.
149: Air Pollution.
150: Pesticides.
Summary.
151: The Chemical Industry.
152: Introduction.
153: Acids and Alkalis.
154: Explosives.
155: Synthetic Dyes.
156: Synthetic Fibers and Plastics.
157: Synthetic Rubber.
158: Petrochemicals.
159: Industry Histories.
Summary.
160: Chemistry Experiments.
161: Introduction.
162: The Scientific Method.
163: Chemistry Experimentation.
164: Chemical Activities.
165: A Future in Chemistry.
166: Introduction.
167: Chemist's Job Description and Training.
168: Careers in Chemistry.
169: Professional Development and the American Chemical Society.
Glossary.
Brief Timeline of Chemistry.
Nobel Laureates in Chemistry.
Table of the Elements.
Selected Bibliography.
Author Index.
Subject Index.
About the Author.
