Front Cover.
Half Title Page.
Title Page.
Copyright Page.
Contents.
Introduction.
1: The Precursors of Islam (M8 3000 BCE–500 CE).
2: The Rise of Agrarian-Based Citied Societies.
3: Cultural Core Areas of the Settled World.
4: The Nile-to-Oxus Region.
5: The Arabian Peninsula.
6: Formation and Orientation (M8500–634).
7: The City of Mecca: Centre of Trade and Religion.
8: Mecca under the Quraysh Clans.
9: New Social Patterns Among the Meccans and Their Neighbours.
10: The Prophet Muhammad.
11: Muhammad's Years in Mecca.
12: Muhammad's Emigration to Yathrib (Medina).
13: Battle of Badr.
14: Battle of the Ditch.
15: Islam at Muhammad's Death.
16: Abu Bakr's Succession.
17: Riddah.
18: Conversion and Crystallization (634–870).
19: Social and Cultural Transformations.
20: ‘Umar I's Succession.
21: The Spirit of Conquest under ‘Umar I.
22: Forging the Link of Activism with Faithfulness.
23: ‘Uthman's Succession and Policies.
24: Discontent in ‘Uthman's Reign.
25: Intra-Muslim Conflicts.
26: The Four Fitnahs.
27: The First Fitnah.
28: The Second Fitnah.
29: Battle of Siffin.
30: The Emergent Islamic Civilization.
31: Dome of the Rock.
32: The Third Fitnah.
33: Sunnis and Shi‘ites.
34: The ‘Abbasids.
35: Harun Al-Rashid.
36: Shari‘Ah.
37: The Fourth Fitnah.
38: Al-Bukhari.
39: Fragmentation and Florescence (870–1041).
40: The Rise of Competitive Regions.
41: Andalusia, the Maghrib, and Sub-Saharan Africa.
42: ‘Abd Al-Rahman I.
43: Egypt, Syria, and the Holy Cities.
44: The Fatimid Dynasty.
45: Al-Azhar University.
46: The Hamdanid Dynasty.
47: Iraq.
48: Cultural Flowering in Iraq.
49: Al-Tabari.
50: The Buyid Dynasty.
51: Iran, Afghanistan, and India.
52: The Samanids.
53: The Ghaznavids.
54: The Decline of the Caliphate and Rise of Emirates.
55: Migration and Renewal (1041–1405).
56: Turks.
57: Seljuq Turks.
58: Policies of Nizam Al-Mulk.
59: Nizam Al-Mulk.
60: Tariqah Fellowships.
61: Franks.
62: The Call for the Crusades.
63: Effect of the Crusades in Syria.
64: Saladin.
65: Mongols.
66: Genghis Khan.
67: First Mongol Incursions.
68: Conversion of Mongols to Islam.
69: Ascent of the Ottoman Turks.
70: Timur's Efforts to Restore Mongol Power.
71: Timur.
72: Arabs.
73: Imazighen.
74: The Sanhajah Confederation.
75: The Almoravid Dynasty.
76: The Almohad Dynasty.
77: Continued Spread of Islamic Influence.
78: Consolidation and Expansion (1405–1683).
79: Ottomans.
80: Continuation of Ottoman Rule.
81: Reign of Süleyman I.
82: Süleyman I.
83: The Extent of Ottoman Administration.
84: Safavids.
85: Expansion in Iran and Beyond.
86: Shah ‘Abbas I.
87: Decline of Central Authority.
88: Indo-Timurids (Mughals).
89: Foundation by Babur.
90: Reign of Akbar.
91: Continuation of the Empire.
92: Shah Jahan.
93: Trans-Saharan Islam.
94: Indian Ocean Islam.
95: Islamic History from 1683 to the Present: Reform, Dependency, and Recovery.
96: Pre-colonial Reform and Experimentation (1683 to 1818).
97: The Rise of British Colonialism to the End of the Ottoman Empire.
98: Islam and Nationalism in the Age of Globalization (The Early 20th Century to the Present).
99: Reform and Revival in the Colonial Period.
100: Rashid Rida.
101: Nationalism: Postcolonial States and Islam.
102: Muslim Brotherhood.
103: Islamist Movements from the 1960s.
104: Ruhollah Khomeini.
105: The Mainstreaming of Islamist Movements.
106: Dimensions of the Islamic Revival.
107: Islam and Globalization: The Age of Mobility.
Glossary.
For Further Reading.
Index.