Cover.
Half Title Page.
Board of Editors.
Editors.
Title Page.
Copyright Page.
Other Frontmatter.
Contents.
Tables, Figures, and Maps.
Contributors.
Preface.
Acknowledgments.
About These Volumes and How to Use Them.
Introduction.
1: Determining What Our Ancestors Ate.
2: Dietary Reconstruction and Nutritional Assessment of Past Peoples: The Bioanthropological Record.
3: Paleopathological Evidence of Malnutrition.
4: Dietary Reconstruction As Seen in Coprolites.
5: Animals Used for Food in the Past: As Seen by Their Remains Excavated from Archaeological Sites.
6: Chemical Approaches to Dietary Representation.
7: History, Diet, and Hunter-Gatherers.
8: Staple Foods: Domesticated Plants and Animals.
9: Grains.
10: Barley.
11: Buckwheat.
12: Maize.
13: Millets.
14: Oat.
15: Rice.
16: Rye.
17: Sorghum.
18: Wheat.
19: Roots, Tubers, and Other Starchy Staples.
20: Manioc.
21: Potatoes (White).
22: Sago.
23: Sweet Potatoes and Yams.
24: Taro.
25: Important Vegetable Supplements.
26: The Allium Species (Onions, Garlic, Leeks, Chives, and Shallots).
27: Beans, Peas, and Lentils.
28: Chilli Peppers.
29: Cruciferous and Green Leafy Vegetables.
30: Cucumbers, Melons, and Watermelons.
31: Fungi.
32: Squash.
33: Tomatoes.
34: Staple Nuts.
35: Peanuts.
36: Animal, Marine, and Vegetable Oils.
37: Coconut.
38: Palm Oil.
39: Sesame.
40: Soybean.
41: Sunflower.
42: Trading in Tastes.
43: Sugar.
44: Important Foods from Animal Sources.
45: Aquatic Animals.
46: Camels.
47: Caribou and Reindeer.
48: Cattle.
49: Chickens.
50: Chicken Eggs.
51: Dogs.
52: Ducks.
53: Game.
54: Geese.
55: Goats.
56: Hogs (Pigs).
57: Horses.
58: Insects.
59: Llamas and Alpacas.
60: Muscovy Ducks.
61: Pigeons.
62: Rabbits.
63: Sea Turtles and Their Eggs.
64: Sheep.
65: Turkeys.
66: Water Buffalo.
67: Yak.
68: Dietary Liquids.
69: Beer and Ale.
70: Breast Milk and Artificial Infant Feeding.
71: Cacao.
72: Coffee.
73: Distilled Beverages.
74: Kava.
75: Khat.
76: Kola Nut.
77: Milk and Dairy Products.
78: Soft Drinks.
79: Tea.
80: Water.
81: Wine.
82: The Nutrients – Deficiencies, Surfeits, and Food-Related Disorders.
83: Vitamins.
84: Vitamin B Complex: Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxine, Cobalamin, Folic Acid.
85: Vitamin C.
86: Vitamin D.
87: Vitamin E.
88: Vitamin K and Vitamin K–Dependent Proteins.
89: Minerals.
90: Iodine and Iodine-Deficiency Disorders.
91: Iron.
92: Magnesium.
93: Phosphorus.
94: Potassium.
95: Sodium and Hypertension.
96: Other Trace Elements.
97: Zinc.
98: Proteins, Fats, and Essential Fatty Acids.
99: Proteins.
100: Energy and Protein Metabolism.
101: Deficiency Diseases.
102: Iron Deficiency and Anemia of Chronic Disease.
103: Keshan Disease.
104: Osteoporosis.
105: Pellagra.
106: Pica.
107: Protein–Energy Malnutrition.
108: Scurvy.
109: Food-Related Disorders.
110: Celiac Disease.
111: Food Allergies.
112: Food-Borne Infection.
113: Food Sensitivities: Allergies and Intolerances.
114: Lactose Intolerance.
115: Obesity.
116: Diet and Chronic Disease.
117: Nutrition and Cancer.
118: Nutrition and Heart-Related Diseases.
119: The Cardiovascular System, Coronary Artery Disease, and Calcium: A Hypothesis.