Chemistry: The Practical Science, Media Enhanced Edition, 1st Edition

Paul Kelter - Northern Illinois University

Michael Mosher - University of Nebraska at Kearney

Andrew Scott - Perth College, UHI Millennium Institute

ISBN-10: 0547053932  ISBN-13: 9780547053936

1088 Pages   Casebound

© 2009     Published

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• Overview
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• Table of Contents
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• Features
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• New to this Edition

Table of Contents

Note: Each chapter begins with "Contents and Applications."
1. The World of Chemistry
1.1 What Do Chemists Do?
1.2 The Chemist's Shorthand
1.3 The Scientific Method
1.4 Units and Measurement
1.5 Conversions and Dimensional Analysis
1.6 Uncertainty, Precision, Accuracy and Significant Figures
1.7 The Chemical Challenges of the Future
2. Atoms--A Quest for Understanding
2.1 Early Attempts to Explain Matter
2.2 Dalton's Atomic Theory and Beyond
2.3 The Structure of the Atom
2.4 Atoms and Isotopes
2.5 Atomic Mass
2.6 The Periodic Table
2.7 Ionic Compounds
2.8 Molecules
2.9 Naming Compounds
3. Introducing Quantitative Chemistry
3.1 Formula Masses
3.2 Counting by Weighing
3.3 Working with Moles
3.4 Percentages by Mass
3.5 Finding the Formula
3.6 Chemical Equations
3.7 Working with Equations
4. Solution Stoichiometry and Types of Reactions
4.1 Water--a most versatile solvent
4.2 The Concentration of Solutions
4.3 Stoichiometric Analysis of Solutions
4.4 Types of Chemical Reactions
4.5 Precipitation Reactions
4.6 Acid-Base Reactions
4.7 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
4.8 Fresh Water--Issues of Quantitative Chemistry
5. Energy
5.1 The Concept of Energy
5.2 Energy Flows Between a System and Its Surroundings
5.3 Keeping Track of Energy
5.4 Specific Heat Capacity and Heat Capacity
5.5 Enthalpy
5.6 Hess's Law
5.7 Energy Choices
6. Quantum Chemistry--The Strange World of Atoms
6.1 Introducing Quantum Chemistry
6.2 Electromagnetic Radiation
6.3 Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
6.4 The Bohr Model of Atomic Structure
6.5 Wave-Particle Duality
6.6 Why Treating Things as "Waves" Allows Us to Quantize Their Behavior
6.7 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
6.8 More About the Photon--The deBroglie and Heisenberg Discussions
6.9 The Mathematical Language of Quantum Chemistry
6.10 Atomic Orbitals
6.11 Electron Spin and Pauli's Exclusion Principle
6.12 Orbitals and Energy Levels in Multi-electron Atoms
6.13 Electron Configurations and the Aufbau Principle
7. Periodic Properties of the Elements
7.1 Building the Periodic Table
7.2 Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids
7.3 Groups in the Periodic Table
7.4 The Concept of Periodicity
7.5 Atomic Size
7.6 Ionization Energies
7.7 Electron Affinity
7.8 Electronegativity
7.9 Reactivity
7.10 The Elements and the Environment
8. Bonding Basics
8.1 Modeling Bonds
8.2 Ionic Bonding
8.3 Covalent Bonding
8.4 VSEPR Theory--A Better Model
8.5 Properties of Ionic Compounds and Molecules
9. Advanced Models of Bonding
9.1 Valence Bond Theory
9.2 Hybridization
9.3 Molecular Orbital Theory
9.4 Putting it all together
10. The Behavior and Applications of Gases
10.1 The Nature of Gases
10.2 Production of Hydrogen and the Meaning of Pressure
10.3 Mixtures of Gases--Dalton's Law and Food Packaging
10.4 The Gas Laws--Relating the Behavior of Gases to Key Properties
10.5 The Ideal gas equation
10.6 Applications of the Ideal gas equation
10.7 Kinetic Molecular Theory
10.8 Effusion and Diffusion
10.9 Industrialization--A Wonderful Yet Cautionary Tale
11. Chemistry of Water and the Nature of Liquids
11.1 The Structure of Water: An Introduction to Intermolecular Forces
11.2 A Closer Look at Intermolecular Forces
11.3 Impact of Intermolecular Forces on the Physical Properties of Water
11.4 Phase Diagrams
11.5 Water: The Universal Solvent
11.6 Measures of Solution Concentration
11.7 The Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Solubility
11.8 Colligative Properties
12. Carbon
12.1 Elemental Carbon
12.2 Crude Oil--The Basic Resource
12.3 Hydrocarbons
12.4 Separating the Hydrocarbons by Fractional Distillation
12.5 Processing Hydrocarbons
12.6 Typical Reactions of the Alkanes
12.7 The Functional Group Concept
12.8 Ethene and the C=C bond
12.9 Alcohols
12.10 From Alcohols to Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
12.11 From Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids to Esters
12.12 Condensation Polymers
12.13 Polyethers
12.14 The Carbon Cycle
12.15 Organic Chemistry and Modern Drug Discovery
13. Modern Materials
13.1 The Structure of Crystals
13.2 Metals
13.3 Ceramics
13.4 Plastics
13.5 Thin Films and Surface Analysis
13.6 On the Horizon--What does the future hold?
14. Thermodynamics--A Look at Why Reactions Happen
14.1 Probability as a Predictor of Chemical Behavior
14.2 Why Do Chemical Reactions Happen? Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
14.3 Temperature and Spontaneous Processes
14.4 Calculating Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions
14.5 Free Energy
14.6 When ΔG = 0--A Taste of Equilibrium
15. Chemical Kinetics
15.1 Reaction Rates
15.2 An Introduction to Rate Laws
15.3 Changes in Time--The Integrated Rate Law
15.4 Methods of determining Rate Laws
15.5 Looking Back at Rate Laws
15.6 Reaction Mechanisms
15.7 Applications of Catalysts
16. Chemical Equilibrium
16.1 The Concept of Chemical Equilibrium
16.2 Why Is Chemical Equilibrium a Useful Concept?
16.3 The Meaning of the Equilibrium Constant
16.4 Working With Equilibrium Constants
16.5 Solving Equilibrium Problems--A Different Way of Thinking
16.6 Le Châtelier's Principle
17. Acids and Bases
17.1 What Are Acids and Bases?
17.2 Acid Strength
17.3 The pH Scale
17.4 Determining the pH of Acid Solutions
17.5 Determining the pH of Basic Solutions
17.6 Polyprotic Acids
17.7 Assessing the Acid-Base Behavior of Salts in Aqueous Solution
17.8 Anhydrides in Aqueous Solution
18. Applications of Aqueous Equilibria
18.1 Buffers and Review of Common-Ion Effect
18.2 Acid-Base Titrations
18.3 Solubility Equilibria
18.4 Complex-Ion Equilibria
19. Electrochemistry
19.1 What is Electrochemistry?
19.2 Oxidation States--Electronic Bookkeeping
19.3 Redox Equations
19.4 Electrochemical Cells
19.5 Chemical Reactivity Series
19.6 Not-So-Standard Conditions: The Nernst Equation
19.7 Electrolytic Reactions
20. Coordination Complexes
20.1 Bonding in Coordination Complexes
20.2 Ligands
20.3 Coordination Number
20.4 Structure
20.5 Isomers
20.6 Formulas and Names
20.7 Color and Coordination Compounds
20.8 Chemical Reactions
21. Nuclear Chemistry
21.1 Isotopes and more isotopes
21.2 Types of Radioactive Decay
21.3 Interaction of Radiation with Matter
21.4 The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay
21.5 Mass and Binding Energy
21.6 Nuclear stability and human-made radioactive nuclides
21.7 Splitting the atom: Nuclear fission
21.8 Medical uses of radioisotopes
22. The Chemistry of Life
22.1 DNA--The basic structure
22.2 Proteins
22.3 How Genes Code for Proteins
22.4 Enzymes
22.5 The Diversity of Protein Functions
22.6 Carbohydrates
22.7 Lipids
22.8 The Maelstrom of Metabolism
22.9 Biochemistry and Chirality
22.10 A Look to the Future
Appendix 1 Mathematical Operations
A1.1 Working with Exponents
A1.2 Working with Logarithms
A1.3 Solving the Quadratic Equation
A1.4 Graphing
Appendix 2 Calculating Uncertainties in Measurements
Appendix 3 Thermodynamic Data for Selected Compounds at 298 K
Appendix 4 Colligative Property Constants for Selected Compounds
Appendix 5 Selected Equilibrium Constants at 298 K
Appendix 6 Water Vapor Pressure Table
Appendix 7 Standard Reduction Potentials at 298 K
Appendix 8 Common Radioactive Nuclei
Answers to Practice Exercises and Selected Exercises
Credits
Index/Glossary